To make back, as an investment.
He barely managed to recoup his money. He sold out for just what he had invested.
To recover from an error.
To keep back rightfully (a part), as if by cutting off, so as to diminish a sum due; to take off (a part) from damages; to deduct.
A landlord recouped the rent of premises from damages awarded to the plaintiff for eviction.
To reimburse; to indemnify; often used reflexively and in the passive.